|
Parent Menu Same Level Menu
Child Menu
Questions/Comments
|
RR is for RouterRadial Distribution System - A part of the distribution system that is operated as a radial system. RADSL: Rate Adaptive asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line is a technology based on ADSL. It allows different data rates depending on user and the type of communication: data, voice, etc. See also xDSL. RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol): A TCP/IP protocol that allows a host to find its Internet address given its physical network address. Defined for Ethernet in RFC0903. See also RFC1931. Rate Base: The value of property upon which a utility is permitted to earn a specified rate of return as established by a regulatory authority. The rate base generally represents the value of property used by the utility in providing service and may be calculated by any one or a combination of the following accounting methods: fair value, prudent investment, reproduction cost, or original cost. Depending on which method is used, the rate base includes cash, working capital, materials and supplies, and deductions for accumulated provisions for depreciation, contributions in aid of construction, customer advances for construction, accumulated deferred income taxes, and accumulated deferred investment tax credits. [DOE Glossary of Electricity Terms] Rated capacity - The highest long-lasting capacity that can be generated, transmitted or delivered by the given power equipment, defined by the manufacturer. Rated Voltage - Voltage level planned by the manufacturer in reference to operation of the particular equipment. Ratemaking Authority: A utility commission's legal authority to fix, modify, approve, or disapprove rates, as determined by the powers given the commission by a State or Federal legislature. [DOE Glossary of Electricity Terms] RC4: is a stream cipher designed by Rivest for RSA Data Security (now RSA Security). It is a variable key-size stream cipher with byte-oriented operations. The algorithm is based on the use of a random permutation. RC4 is used for secure communications, as in the encryption of traffic to and from secure web sites using the SSL protocol, and in a number of software applications; e.g., Lotus Notes and Oracle Secure SQL. RDA: Remote Data Access RDF (Resource Description Framework): RDF is a language recommended by the W3C for expressing metadata that machines can process simply. It is expressed as a special kind of XML document. RDF Schema: RDF Schema is a schema specification language expressed using RDF to describe resources and their properties, including how resources are related to other resources, which is used to specify an application-specific schema. RE: In support of Research or Education (in reference to what the Internet connection is used for). Real Time Pricing (RTP): Market pricing arrangement in which the future price of electricity is provided to the customers so that they can make choices on when and how much electricity to use. Generally, RTP subscribers receive these price quoted a business-day in advance, by 4:00 p.m. But, in specialized applications, final usage prices are sent to subscribers only an hour in advance of their applicability. RTP services are offered as optional services to utility retail customers under term contract arrangements. Because usage prices are set daily and for each hour individually, RTP requires customers to respond to marginal, not average supply costs and thereby the efficiency of resource utilization increases. Recursion: The facility of a programming language to be able to call functions from within themselves. Reference Architecture:
A reference architecture is the generalized architecture of several
end systems that share one or more common domains. The reference
architecture defines the infrastructure common to the end systems and
the interfaces of components that will be included in the end systems.
The reference architecture is then instantiated to create a software
architecture of a specific system. The definition of the reference
architecture facilitates deriving and extending new software
architectures for classes of systems. A reference architecture,
therefore, plays a dual role with regard to specific target software
architectures. First, it generalizes and extracts common functions and
configurations. Second, it provides a base for instantiating target
systems that use that common base more reliably and cost effectively.
[Ref Arch]. See
http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2002/ws/arch/glossary/wsa-glossary.html Regional Transmission Organization (RTO): A utility industry concept that the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission embraced for the certification of voluntary groups that would be responsible for transmission planning and use on a regional basis. [DOE Glossary of Electricity Terms]
Regulation: The governmental function
of controlling or directing economic entities through the process of
rulemaking and adjudication. [DOE
Glossary of Electricity Terms] Remote Access: The hookup of a remote computing device via communications lines such as ordinary phone lines or wide area networks to access network applications and information. Remote Control - Equipment operation control done by the dispatch service of the competent operator, carried out through the relevant automation or telecommunication equipment. Remote energy metering system - Set of equipment designed for metering and remote transmission of the energy values to the transmission system operator. Remote Terminal Unit (RTU): A Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) is used to monitor and control devices in a remote location, and is connected to a communications network for exchanging information. An RTU can be a generic entity, which monitors status and analog points that have no “named objects” associated with them. The actual meanings of these points are only associated with them once they are in some SCADA system. An RTU can also act as a controller of a physical device, thus acting as its “intelligence” (see IED). In this role, it can contain a model of the device, including named objects, some calculation and control algorithms, and possibly some closed-loop automatic mode operations. Renewable Resources: Naturally, but flow-limited resources that can be replenished. They are virtually inexhaustible in duration but limited in the amount of energy that is available per unit of time. Some (such as geothermal and biomass) may be stock-limited in that stocks are depleted by use, but on a time scale of decades, or perhaps centuries, they can probably be replenished. Renewable energy resources include: biomass, hydro, geothermal, solar and wind. In the future, they could also include the use of ocean thermal, wave, and tidal action technologies. Utility renewable resource applications include bulk electricity generation, on-site electricity generation, distributed electricity generation, non-grid-connected generation, and demand-reduction (energy efficiency) technologies. [DOE Glossary of Electricity Terms] Repeater: In digital transmission, equipment that receives a pulse train, amplifies it, retimes it, and then reconstructs the signal for retransmission. In fiberoptics, a device that decodes a low-power light signal, converts it to electrical energy, and then retransmits it via an LED or laser source. Also called a "regenerative repeater." Repeating a digital signal is unlike amplifying an analog signal where noise is amplified as well. A repeater operates on the physical layer in the OSI model. Report Control Block (RCB): A data structure that describes the criteria for the Server to initiate Unsolicited Data transfers by time and/or event. The data transmitted will either be the complete Data Object or DataSet (no RBE), or it will be only the changed values within a Data Object or DataSet (if RBE is specified). Report-by-Exception: Mode of operation in which an end system (e.g., RTU or IED) only reports information that has changed since data was last transmitted. Report-by-Exception (RBE) Criteria: RBE Criteria are the values against which Data Objects in a DataSet will be checked to determine if an “event condition” has occurred. When an “event condition” occurs, then specified Data Objects in the DataSet are collected to be transmitted to the designated Client. Reserve Margin (Operating):
The amount of unused available capability of an electric power system
at peakload for a utility system as a percentage of total capability.
[DOE
Glossary of Electricity Terms] Resolve: Translate an Internet name into its equivalent IP address or other DNS information. Response Time: Time between the request and the response for a network transaction. Restructuring: The process of
replacing a monopoly system of electric utilities with competing
sellers, allowing individual retail customers to choose their
electricity supplier but still receive delivery over the power lines
of the local utility. It includes the reconfiguration of the
vertically-integrated electric utility. [DOE
Glossary of Electricity Terms] Revenue Meter: A meter that has the accuracy to be used for billing and can be calibrated according to industry standards used for measurement accuracy. RF: Radio Frequency. RFC (Request For Comments): The documents that contain the standards and other information for the TCP/IP protocols and the Internet in general. They are available at IETF RFC Page. RFD (Request For Discussion): Usually a two- to three-week period in which the particulars of newsgroup creation are battled out. RG: Radio (government) Grade coaxial cable. Arbitrary definition of a family of cables and transmission lines, bulk, RF, without terminals. Originally used in the military. No standard defined, anybody can call a cable RG coax. RG-11: Thick Ethernet coaxial cable. Satellite Cable. 75-Ohm nominal impedance. RG-58: Stranded copper core (0.66mm or 0.78mm), 50 ohms. RG-59: 75-ohm coaxial cable. Inferior cable sold to home owners installing their own cable TV extensions. The problem is that the cable tends to leak signal, and actually can drive a cable system out of compliance with the FCC rules on leakage. RG-6: 75-ohm coaxial cable. Higher frequency broadband transmissions. Used in broadband transmissions e.g. cable TV. RG-62: 93-ohm coaxial cable. Used in ArcNet. RG-8: Thick Ethernet coaxial cable, 50 ohms. RG-9: Thick Ethernet coaxial cable. 50 ohms. RIP (Routing Information Protocol): Interior routing protocol based on Distance Vector Routing. Compare OSPF and BGP. Risk Analysis: The analysis of an organization's information resources, existing controls and computer system vulnerabilities. It establishes a potential level of damage in dollars and/or other assets. RJ-11: Registered Jack-11 is a 4-conductor connector. Used for voice/data applications: telephone (single-line), extended-distance peripherals. The RJ-11 connector has 6-position, 4-conductor arranged in a single row. The standard phone jack in North America. Description RJ-12: Registered Jack-12 is a 6-conductor connector. Used for voice/data applications: telephone (two-line), networking, extended-distance peripherals. The RJ-12 connector has 6-position, 6-conductor arranged in a single row. RJ-45: Registered Jack-45 is an 8-conductor connector. Used for voice/data applications: PBX, networking, dumb terminal, point-of-sale. The RJ-45 connector has 8-position, 8-conductor arranged in a single row. Typically used with CAT-5 cable in LANs. RMI (Remote Method Invocation): RMI-IIOP provides developers an implementation of the Java RMI API over the Object Management Group's industry-standard Internet Inter-Orb Protocol (IIOP). With it, developers can write remote interfaces between clients and servers, and implement them just using Java technology and the Java RMI APIs. See also J2EE. RM-ODP (Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing: The Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing, ITU-T Rec. X.901 | ISO/IEC 10746-1 to ITU-T Rec. X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746-4, commonly referred to as RM-ODP, provides a framework to support the development of standards that will support distributed processing in heterogeneous environments. It is based, as far as possible, on the use of formal description techniques for specification of the architecture. In support of the generic design goals, it facilitates specifying integration architecture with the following properties: openness, flexibility, modularity, federation, manageability, and provisions for quality of service, security and transparency. For more info on RM RM-ODP see Janis Putman’s “Architecting with RM-ODP” published by Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-019116-7. RMON (Remote Network Monitoring) provides standard information that a network administrator can use to monitor, analyze, and troubleshoot a group of distributed local area networks (LANs) and interconnecting T-1/E-1 lines from a central site. RMON specifically defines the information that any network monitoring system will be able to provide. RMON is defined in RFC2819 as part of the Management Information Base (MIB) and as an extension of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). RMON can be supported by hardware monitoring devices (known as "probes" or "monitors") or through software or some combination. Robot: see Bot Rogue program: Any program intended to damage programs or data. Encompasses malicious Trojan Horses. ROSE (Remote Operations Service Element): Communication protocol defined in ISO/IEC 9072. RosettaNet: A consortium of more than 400 of the world's leading Electronic Components (EC), Information Technology (IT), Semiconductor Manufacturing (SM) and Solution Provider (SP) companies, RosettaNet is a self-funded, non-profit organization dedicated to creating, implementing and promoting open e-business standards. These standards form a common e-business language, aligning processes between trading partners on a global basis. Based on XML technology. Competes with BizTalk and ebXML. http://rosettanet.org Route: The path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. Routed Protocols: Protocols that are routable over an internetwork See IP, AppleTalk, DECnet, NetWare, SNA, VINES, and XNS. Sometimes referred as routable protocols. See also Routing. Not to be confused with Routing Protocols. Router: An internetworking device that connects two or more networks by forwarding packets from one network to another. It operates at the third OSI layer. It also chooses the best path between two networks when there are multiple paths. Routing: Finding an effective or efficient path through a network to a destination computer. Routing is handled by the network or communication software and hardware. Routing Protocols: Protocols used by routers when communicating and sharing information. See BGP, OSPF, and RIP. RSA encryption: A public key cryptosystem named by its inventors, Rivest, Shamir and Adleman, who hold the patent. It uses key lengths of 768, 1024, or 2048 bits. http://www.rsa.com RTO (Regional Transmission Organization): An RTO is responsible for the reliable operation of the power system, using market energy and ancillary services transactions as the operational requirements. RTOs must be completely independent financially from market participants, have direct operational authority over power system generation which is bid into the market, and have exclusive and independent authority over transmission tariffs and rates. In addition, they are responsible for providing open access to market participants to schedule energy transactions and offer ancillary services, determining ATC and TTC, monitoring market operations, providing interregional coordination, and establishing and/or approving long range transmission plans. RTP: See Real Time Pricing. RTU (Remote Terminal Unit): is used to monitor data from field equipment and report it to a SCADA or DAC system, as well as receive control commands from a SCADA system and issue them to the appropriate field equipment. |
|
IntelliGrid
Architecture
|