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II is for InternetIAB (Internet Architecture Board): A "regulatory body" that makes decisions about standards and other vital issues regarding the Internet. IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority): an organization working under the auspices of the IAB that is responsible for assigning new Internet-wide IP addresses. http://www.iana.org. See also ICANN. ICANN (The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers): is the non-profit corporation that was formed to assume responsibility for the IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions previously performed under U.S. Government contract by IANA and other entities. http://www.icann.org. ICCP (Inter-control Center Communications Protocol): used for the exchange of real-time data between control centers and other power utility facilities. It was developed as part of the UCA suite of protocols, but is now standardized through the IEC as TASE.2. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): A an extension to the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP/IP protocol suite that handles errors, informational, and control messages. Defined in RFC 0792. Also see RFC 2463, RFC 2466, RFC 2521. ICQ: A program that allows you to chat with and leave messages for other people, which also have ICQ. IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm), It is a secret key block cipher algorithm that uses a 128-bit key to operate on a 64-bit block of plain text. Eight rounds are performed for each block in order for the cipher text to be produced. Formerly known as IPES (Improved Proposed Encryption Standard) and developed by Xuejia Lai and James L. Massey, of ETH Zurich. It is used by; e.g., PGP. IEC (International Electrotechnical Council): IEC Technical Councils (TC) develops standards for the Electrical Power Industry. IEC TC 57: IEC TC 57 develops telecontrol standards for the power industry. Different TC 57 Working Groups (WG) focus on specific areas. Specifically, WG 03 developed the IEC 870-5 protocol for telecontrol (which is the basis for the DNP protocol), WG 07 developed TASE.2 which is also known as ICCP, WG 09 is working on power line carrier for distribution automation, WG 10, 11, & 12 focus on communications within substations and on distribution feeders, and have undertaken the standardization of UCA for these environments, WG 13 is developing the Common Information Model (CIM), WG 14 is developing Information Exchange Models for Distribution Operations, WG 15 is working on security for the IEC TC 57 protocols, and WG 16 is developing guidelines for market interfaces. IED (Intelligent Electronic Device): Programmable monitoring, control, protection, or data processing device with at least one serial communication interface. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers): An international society of professional engineers that issues widely used networking standards. http://www.ieee.org IEEE 802.12: The draft standard for 100BASEVG networking. IEEE 802.2: A data-link layer standard used with IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.4, and IEEE 802.5. IEEE 802.3: The IEEE standard for Ethernet; a physical-layer standard that uses the CSMA/CD access method on a bus-topology LAN. It defines five baseband and one broadband standard. The baseband specifies a digital signal using Manchester encoding and includes 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T, 1Base5, 100Base-T, and Gigabit Ethernet. Broadband includes 10Broad36, which specifies an analog signal using PSK encoding. IEEE 802.4 A physical-layer standard that uses the token-passing access method on a bus-topology LAN. IEEE 802.5: A physical-layerstandard that uses the token-passing access method on a ring-topology LAN. IEEE 802.11: A wireless LAN standard with a range of about 100 meters. Compare with personal-area network standard Bluetooth. IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force): The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any interested individual. The actual technical work of the IETF is done in its working groups, which are organized by topic into several areas (e.g., routing, transport, security, etc.). Much of the work is handled via mailing lists. The IETF holds meetings three times per year. http://www.ietf.org IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol): A protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite that handles multicasting. The mechanisms of the protocol allow a host to inform its local router, using Host Membership Reports, that it wants to receive messages addressed to a specific multicast group. Defined in RFC2236, which updates RFC1112. Merged into ICMPv6 in IPv6. IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol): Routing protocol used inside an Autonomous System. See OSPF and RIP. IIOP (Internet Inter-Orb Protocol): CORBA protocol. Also used in J2EE. Image Map: A method where a webmaster can create links on a graphic image. Areas are specified to have hyperlinks. An image map can be server and/or client based. IMAP: A protocol for e-mail. It is an alternative to POP3. IMAP based mail is server oriented. The client must be connected to the server to access the mail for reading or make modifications to the way the mail is stored. IMHO (In My Humble Opinion): This usually accompanies a statement that may bring about personal offense or strong disagreement. Inbox: The place mail is initially downloaded and saved in the mail client after connecting to a mail server. Independent Power
Producers (IPP): Entities that are also considered nonutility
power producers in the United States. These facilities are wholesale
electricity producers that operate within the franchised service
territories of host utilities and are usually authorized to sell at
market-based rates. Unlike traditional electric utilities, Independent
Power Producers do not possess transmission facilities or sell
electricity in the retail market. [DOE
Glossary of Electricity Terms] Industrial [Customer]:
The industrial sector is generally defined as manufacturing,
construction, mining agriculture, fishing and forestry establishments
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 01-39. The utility may
classify industrial service using the SIC codes, or based on demand or
annual usage exceeding some specified limit. The limit may be set by
the utility based on the rate schedule of the utility. [DOE
Glossary of Electricity Terms] Information and Content Exchange (ICE): ICE is an XML-based standard protocol for electronic business-to-business (B2B) asset management. ICE defines an architecture and a common language that can be used as a means of automating Web content syndication (information sharing and reuse between Web sites) for publishing and e-commerce uses. Members of the ICE Authoring Group (which includes representatives from Adobe Systems, Microsoft, Sun Microsystems, Vignette, and National Semiconductor) are committed to the further development of ICE as an open standard. ICE version 1.1 was released in June 2000. Information Exchange Model (IEM): A meta-model of the information that is exchanged between entities, including both object models and actions. Information Superhighway: An oft used term referring to the Internet. Infrared (IR): Infrared radiation (IR) or the term infrared alone refers to energy in the region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum at wavelengths longer than those of visible light, but shorter than those of radio waves. Correspondingly, the frequencies of IR are higher than those of microwaves, but lower than those of visible light. Infrared is used in a variety of wireless communications, monitoring, and control applications. A few of the applications include home-entertainment remote-control boxes, wireless local area networks, links between notebook computers and desktop computers, cordless modems, intrusion detectors, motion detectors, and fire sensors Insider Attack - A security attack originating from inside a protected network. Inspection of Electrical Equipment - Operations planned in the province of maintenance of the electric facilities, equipment and installations, resulting from diagnostics and assessment of the condition, meant to maintain their proper technical condition, covering:
a) visual inspections, checks, tests and measurements; Installed capacity - The highest long-lasting capacity of the generating unit or generator, confirmed by tests, delivered in the rated operating conditions, maintained:
Insider Attack: An attack originating from inside a protected network. Instance Of (When Instantiated): Phrase used to denote that an abstraction (Data Object) takes on a real-world form (syntax) and behavior (semantics) of a person, place or thing that it represents (i.e., it becomes implemented in an actual system). Instrument Protection Factor (FS) - Ratio of the instrument rated safe current to the rated primary current. The instrument rated safe current is defined as the rms value of the primary current which makes the total error of the current transformer remain with the rated load at 10% or more. Integration: (System Integration) The progressive linking and testing of system components to merge their functional and technical characteristics into a comprehensive, interoperable system. Note: Integration of data systems allows data existing on disparate systems to be shared or accessed across functional or system boundaries. Integrity: [In INFOSEC, the] quality of an information system (IS) reflecting the logical correctness and reliability of the operating system; the logical completeness of the hardware and software implementing the protection mechanisms; and the consistency of the data structures and occurrence of the stored data. Note that, in a formal security mode, integrity is interpreted more narrowly to mean protection against unauthorized modification or destruction of information. [INFOSEC-99] [T1 Glossary 2000: Glossary of Telecommunications Terms] Interchange Schedule: A schedule of energy that flows from one physical service area to another. Interchange Schedules also include ramp rates. They are communicated between transmission system operators such as ITPs, RTOs, etc. Interface (I/F): 1. In a system, a shared boundary, i.e., the boundary between two subsystems or two devices. 2. A shared boundary between two functional units, defined by specific attributes, such as functional characteristics, common physical interconnection characteristics, and signal characteristics. 3. A point of communication between two or more processes, persons, or other physical entities. 4. A point of interconnection between user terminal equipment and commercial communications facilities. 5. To interconnect two or more entities at a common point or shared boundary. internet: A collection of networks connected by internetworking devices, such as routers and bridges. Internet: The worldwide network of networks based on the TCP/IP protocol suite. The Internet is not single service and has no real central "hub." It is not owned by any one group. Rather, it is a collection of tens of thousands of networks, online services, and single-user components all based on the idea of a free exchange of ideas and services. Also, when not capitalized, any interconnected set of networks; internet. See also WWW. Internet2: Internet2 is a collaboration among more than 100 U.S. universities to develop networking and advanced applications for learning and research. Since much teaching, learning, and collaborative research may require real-time multimedia and high-bandwidth interconnection, a major aspect of Internet2 is adding sufficient network infrastructure to support such applications. But Internet2 also intends to investigate and develop new ways to use the Internet and the Internet2 infrastructure for its educational purposes. Although Internet2 is not envisioned as a future replacement for the Internet, its organizers hope to share their developments with other networks, including the Internet. Internet2 will include and further develop the National Science Foundation's very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) that currently interconnects research supercomputer centers in the U.S. The involved institutions plan to continue using the existing Internet for "ordinary" services such as e-mail, personal Web access, and newsgroups. From WhatIs.com Internet Address: A 32-bit or 128-bit network-layer address used to uniquely define a host on the Internet using the TCP/IP protocols. See also IP Address. Internet Backbone: A high-speed, large-bandwidth network that connects local area networks and individual computers over long distances. A network’s capacity is determined by the capacity of its cables and routers. Internet Bottlenecks: Four areas that can slow down the end-to-end delivery of a packet; First Mile, Backbone, Peering Points, and Last Mile. See also Routing. Internet eXchange: See Peering Points. Internet Explorer: See Microsoft Internet Explorer Internet Phone: A program that allows voice communication with other Internet users using a speaker and microphone. Internet Protocol, see IP. Internet Site: A computer connected to the Internet that contains information that can be accessed using a navigation tool such as HTTP, FTP, TELNET, Gopher, etc. Internet Web Sites: A site on the Internet that supports access using web technologies; e.g., HTTP and HTML. Internetworking Protocol, see IP. InterNIC: The Internet Network Information Center. An association that stores information about the Internet as well as the group that monitors and issues Domain names. http://www.internic.net. Interoperability: 1. The ability of systems, units or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units, or forces and to use the services so exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. [JP 1-02] 2. The condition achieved among communications-electronics systems or items of communications-electronics equipment when information or services can be exchanged directly and satisfactorily between them and/or their users. The degree of interoperability should be defined when referring to specific cases. [JP 1-02] 3. Allows applications executing on separate hardware platforms, or in multi-processing environments on the same platform, to share data and cooperate in processing it through communications mechanisms such as remote procedure calls, transparent file access, etc. [JP 1-02] 4. The ability of a set of modeling and simulation to provide services to and accept services from other modeling and simulation, and to use the services for exchange enabling them to operate effectively together. [JP 1-02] 5. The capability to provide useful and cost-effective interchange of electronic data among, e.g., different signal formats, transmission media, applications, industries, or performance levels. See T1 Glossary 2000: Glossary of Telecommunications Terms Interoperate: The ability of multi-vendor computers to work together using a common set of protocols. With interoperability, PC's Mac's, Suns, etc, all work together allowing one host computer to communicate with and take advantage of the resources of another. Interruptible Load: Refers
to program activities that, in accordance with contractual
arrangements, can interrupt consumer load at times of seasonal peak
load by direct control of the utility system operator or by action of
the consumer at the direct request of the system operator. It usually
involves commercial and industrial consumers. In some instances the
load reduction may be affected by direct action of the system operator
(remote tripping) after notice to the consumer in accordance with
contractual provisions. For example, loads that can be interrupted to
fulfill planning or operation reserve requirements should be reported
as Interruptible Load. Interruptible Load as defined here excludes
Direct Load Control and Other Load Management. (Interruptible Load, as
reported here, is synonymous with Interruptible Demand reported to the
North American Electric Reliability Council on the voluntary Form
EIA-411, "Coordinated Regional Bulk Power Supply Program Report," with
the exception that annual peakload effects are reported on the Form
EIA-861 and seasonal (i.e., summer and winter) peakload effects are
reported on the EIA-411).
DOE Glossary of Electricity Terms] Intranet Web Sites: Access limited to users within a single organization. Intrusion Detection: Detection of break-ins or break-in attempts either manually via software expert systems that operate on logs or other information available on the network. Sometimes honeypots are used to lure potential hackers into revealing their presence. Inverter: A machine, device, or system that changes direct-current power to alternating-current power. [IEEE P1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems] Investor-Owned Utility:
A class of utility whose stock is publicly traded and which is
organized as a tax-paying business, usually financed by the sale of
securities in the capital market. It is regulated and authorized to
achieve an allowed rate of return.
DOE Glossary of Electricity Terms] IP Address: An address that is assigned to each computer. The normal form we see for an IP address is in the form of 4 numbers divided by 3 dots, for example, 205.243.76.2. This number specifies both the network the computer is connected to and the specific host itself. See also IPv6, where the address field is defined as 128 bits. See also Internet Address. IP Address Classes: In IPv4, there are five groups of addresses; classes A, B, and C consist of a netid, hosted, and class ID: class D holds multicast addresses: class E is reserved for future use. IP Broadcast: On IP networks; a packet can be directed to an individual machine or broadcast to an entire network. When a packet is sent to an IP broadcast address from a machine on the local network, that packet is delivered to all machines on that network. When a packet is sent to that IP broadcast address from a machine outside of the local network, it is broadcast to all machines on the target network. IP Direct Broadcast Addresses: Network addresses with the host portion of the address having all one bits. For example, the IP direct broadcast address for the network 10.0.0.0 is 10.255.255.255. Network addresses with all zeros in the host portion, such as 10.50.0.0, can also produce a broadcast response. See also IP Multicast Address. IP Multicast Address: Class D in IP addressing (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255). Used for conferencing, audio, and video. IP Sniffing: Stealing network addresses by reading the packets. Harmful data is then sent stamped with internal trusted addresses. IP Splicing: An attack whereby an active, established, session is intercepted and co-opted by the attacker. IP Splicing attacks may occur after an authentication has been made, permitting the attacker to assume the role of an already authorized user. Primary protections against IP Splicing rely on encryption at the session or network layer. IP Spoofing: An attack whereby a system attempts to illicitly impersonate another system by using its IP address. IPCP (PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol): PPP's IP NCP protocol. IPSec (IP Security Protocol): Rapid advances in communication technology have accentuated the need for security in the Internet. IPSec is a security protocol in the network layer that provide cryptographic security services that flexibly support combinations of authentication, integrity, access control, and confidentiality. The protocol formats for the IP Authentication Header (AH) and IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) is independent of the cryptographic algorithm. The IETF has a working group developing the protocol; IPSEC. IPv4: The Internet Protocol, version 4. It is the current version using a 32 bit address. IPv6: The Internet Protocol, version 6. It features major IP addressing changes that would increase the available number of IP addresses by using an address length of 128 bits. IPv6_RFCs IPX/SPX: Novell NetWare's Internet Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange protocol suite. More... IRC (Internet Relay Chat): A method by which multiple people can engage in discussions on the Internet at the same time IRC is the granddaddy of all the chat formats and the largest. It is text based communication. There are a number of major IRC servers around the world, which are linked to each other. Anyone can create a channel and all others in the channel see anything that anyone types in a given channel. Private channels can (and are) created for multi-person conference calls. ISAPI: The Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) includes a programming interface called the Internet Server API (ISAPI). It has library wrappers for developers who use the old-style Windows Sockets interface, and special new functions to extend the Microsoft Win32® API. ISAPI enables programmers to develop Web-based applications that run much faster than conventional CGI programs because they're more tightly integrated with the Web server. In addition to IIS, several Web servers from companies other than Microsoft support ISAPI. It also interacts with COM components. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): A medium speed, digital connection. It provides 64 kbps to 1.544 Mbps bandwidth over two channels. Like normal phone lines, it has a number, which can be dialed into, and it can dial out to any other ISDN number, unlike leased lines which are strictly point-to-point. With the proper equipment, it can act like any other phone line. Like leased lines, it provides reliable digital service that is not normally affected by line noise and other ailments that normal modems experience. See also B-ISDN (Broadband ISDN). Island: A condition in which a portion of an Area Electric Power System (EPS) is energized solely by one or more Local EPSs through the associated Points of Common Coupling (PCCs) while that portion of the Area EPS is electrically separated from the rest of the Area EPS. [IEEE P1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems] Island, Intentional: a planned island. [IEEE P1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems] Island, Unintentional: an unplanned island. [IEEE P1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems] Islanding - Independent operation of a part of the PSE that is isolated after its emergency disconnection from the rest of the system, having at least one generating unit in operation while said generating unit is able to offer power supply to customers and other generating units ISO (Independent System Operator): a regulated entity which operates the power system in a deregulated market, but does not take part in energy trading activities, although it may operate a spot market based on regulatory rules. ISO (The International Organization for Standardization): is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from some 140 countries, one from each country. ISO is a non-governmental organization established in 1947. The mission of ISO is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity. ISO's work results in international agreements which are published as International Standards. http://www.iso.ch ISOC (The Internet Society): A membership organization whose members support a worldwide information network. It is also the governing body to which the IAB reports. ISP (Internet Service Provider): An organization that provides access to the Internet as well as other Internet services such as e-mail, web hosting, ftp, chat, etc. They normally have a high speed connection with enough bandwidth to handle hundreds and even thousands of simultaneous connections into the Internet. ISSA: Information Systems Security Association. ITU-T: International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunication Standardization Sector is a telecommunication standards organization formerly known as the CCITT. http://www.itu.int |
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